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How can we combine comprehensive aspects of energy systems, transportation systems, water and waste management, the strategic initiative and passive, climate and many other issues in contemporary urban design and implementation process improve the environment in our cities?
Among the biggest environmental challenge of our era, global climate change, the dependence on raw materials and the opening address rising demand for energy - all can become major challenges of the 21st century and is one of the biggest problems people are facing.
Pervasive influence is increasing due to climate change and the uncertain continuity of supply of conventional energy is creating demand is always increasing to meet the sustainable urban development around the world . However, we still are not saving enough carbon to be said to have fully implemented the necessary actions.
The fastest way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we must consume energy more efficiently and switch to using sources of renewable energy. Saving energy also means that the development and use of devices with higher performance and more suitable for the current block - using mostly natural light by day, stormwater drainage, cooling and exploitation of solar energy - reduced or eliminated the need for heating and cooling artificial.
Many further discussion recently around the idea of active technology "ecological projects" and technology seems more complex refers to the urban problems. Surprisingly, almost half of the energy consumed is used in urban and urbanizing areas, are considered to avoid mistakes in urban design from the initial design phase has may actually lead to more sustainable solutions.
Let's have a closer look at the opportunity to renovate the city center, the appropriateness of the strategies for the different climatic conditions and consider the views of urbanization affected how (can even be affected more in the future) under the ecological model.
A main objective is to facilitate the reconstruction of the city center for pedestrians, and implement "green urbanism". But how infrastructure problems of the city is based on local energy sources can open gradually transformed to cope with environmental challenges of our time. How can we design of urban open space and a collection of works in a way that only the minimum energy required for lighting, ventilation, cooling, refrigeration, heating and serving it works? And by doing so, if we can find the poetic architectural design consistent, ostensibly still convey the idea of architecture more robust and simple technology is charged dominant ? Does "green urbanism", with the re-balancing harmony with its landscape, will also suit the environmental conditions are hot and humid (tropical), in Bangkok, Hanoi, and Singapore.
Cheonggye-cheon River has become a familiar walk of Seoul citizens
Sustainable integrated in the design process
There are many green principles can help innovative design concepts primary. If we study the architecture of Alvar Aalto or Louis Kahn, we will see that their design works on the basic principle of eternity, as the experience of mankind in space. Both architects have designed the office building completely natural ventilation and incorporates the principles of design in accordance with climatic conditions long before the concept of sustainable architecture is given .
This leads to the assumption that sustainability in architecture is the point of creating a place and space and less inclined technology solutions for "ventilation". This is very important to recognize that the architecture is mainly in terms of meaning and experience of human and physical - is not about "creating an image" or the sophistication of the technology.
At the same time, we must admit that a "green building" does not always work well is always a good architecture. Architecture and urban design has the ability to reset the relationship with nature, climate, sun, rain and wind. The design takes into account environmental factors such as good for the environment, the design results in elements that are sensitive to the environment are closely linked bowed design process and next role additional factors, the design also become significant parts of an overall architecture. The integration of sustainability in the design process means that the concept of environmental and architectural fully support each other. This requires us to determine the environmental strategy in accordance with the design concept of the song, support the idea of a unique design, and strengthen the relationship of the couple's cityscape.
Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Noumea (New Caledonia)
Four pilot projects are very convincing (and has been widely publicized) are examples of green projects in the scale of the individual - where the ESD principles form the architecture are:
Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Noumea (New Caledonia), built by Renzo Piano Workshop screaming Design (1998).
Training center and the town hall in Herne Sodingen (Germany), by Francoise - Helene Jourda design (1999)
Center for Research in Wageningen (Netherlands), designed by Behnisch Guenther (1998)
Office building at Deutsche Messe Hannover (Germany), by Thomas Herzog design (2002).
However, the need to project toward convincing the same level scale urban, urban design and construction of a wider group, even this can be very difficult.
Further research is needed to compare the cities
The importance of this study is found in the need for combining the principles of ecological sustainability and urban design process, especially in the developing countries in Southeast Asia and the general requirements for the development of more sustainable cities. The assessment will involve the rapid urban growth of the city is growing - the place where the work is often poorly managed.
Field giants poverty from rural areas into urban areas in many parts of Asia, India and African countries add other difficulties. Most of the population growth occurs in large cities in developing countries, where most people Levels of world poverty focus there.
The Akademie Mont-Cenis in Herne Sodingen (Germany)
The traditional European city is the product of slow growth and the ownership model complex systems are not designed according to the principles of the solar system. Unlikely to repeat the process of urban planning for a large scale on the principle of the solar system from the traditional European city. However, the development model that is not the competence of irrational thinking or "urban design ideas synthesis". On the contrary: the government, investors and people have to follow a logical process, the result of centuries gradually expand outward in land use and recent negligence in design urban centers.
On the other hand, the "new center" of Asia - has recently been developed and built - can create a unique opportunity to gain the right thing: to design and build the optimal density, the natural lighting conditions idea, based on the overall planning with integrated self-efficient public transport system including light rail transit), where each cluster cities absorption is achieved maximum sunlight to generate renewable energy, combined with good shading devices for Western-style facade. Indeed, if we are more cautious, we can achieve the project "urban design synthesis" !.
Most urban design will be agreed on the following points:
The city and the urbanized area is where most of the consumption of energy and generate most of the waste.
Sustainability most effective in urban areas where the development of the region which itself is based on the principle of sustainable urban development.
The problem of urbanization pattern, density, public transport, the spread, water management, solar orientation, natural light during the day, the system construction, the supply chain is extremely ... important in the decision making process of urban design.
Model City mount, multi-functional schemes demonstrate the optimal use of space and the optimization of land use in the future city.
The basic criteria for environmental design and urban landscape was created to strengthen the study of urban size (macroscopic scale) of sustainability.
Building Lumen - Centre for Research in Wageningen (Netherlands)
Research on sustainable urban design proposes increasing the exploitation of energy resources are used in the existing facilities, for example, through the appropriate re-use of previously used sites for industry (brown field areas, such as military areas and industrial areas nearby shipyard), upgrade and expand the existing building structure.
There is a tendency for engineers to support technology-based solutions for the individual works (when the author has experience in many industries, in cooperation with mechanical engineers and other consultants construction of houses and offices, from 15 years ago). People often forget that when ordering works, is how to group them in a way that mounts directly impact and mainly to energy consumption, regulations, traffic patterns and thus impact the creation of greenhouse gases. In most cities in the US and Australia, is a large gap between the housing and the workplace of people, leading to a longer distance to travel than the urban population living in cities of Europe Europe or Southeast Asia.
The author argues that the answer to this problem is to revitalization of existing urban centers, where population density is higher and subregional centers will be defined flowed over all matters between the distance pedestrians and traffic. The high-density center is located near public transportation this is also targeting the so-called traffic-driven development. The primary center can offer many levels of self response, and can build the rail system to transport goods and other areas of the city. The author does not require that the density and traffic-driven design is suitable for all problems. However, with such a strategy, recently achieved major improvements in several cities. The problem now is what "practical" in the city like that around the world, and certain parts of it can easily transfer content to a lot of other projects in the US, Europe Asia or Australia.
Deutsche Messe Hannover (Germany)
Urban Ecological Systems: Density is a major problem
For buildings consume large amounts of energy in developing countries (mainly used for cooling, heating and lighting, accounting for about 45% of total energy), direct emissions contribute nearly 10% CO2, architecture and urban design is often seen as the most important rules to supplement the current status of the project. However, the task is too wide if only for architects and urban planners, this is the basic problem to be solved with a variety of specialized rules, including environmental engineering, urban planning, economics, landscape architecture, sociology and other disciplines. All the rules together to achieve the goal of "City of the Future", the entire consumption by exploiting energy from renewable sources has the ability to safely and timeless.
Today, renewable energy is the fastest growing sector in all the energy industry. The industry of renewable energy has created 2 million jobs worldwide, providing renewable energy technology is the pressure on the transport system, energy and all seems increasingly increase. Nowadays planning decisions have been made in the city in Australia, India or China will have major ramifications in the future. We see clearly the rapid expansion of the neighboring countries and a growing urban transformation process ever. At the same time, demand for urban renewal in the city center has become an urgent task.
The major cities have these characteristics can be identified, the system creates a high quality urban spaces, where so excited to go enjoy. As public space is a basic requirement of the city, is the strong focus on public sector quality becomes really necessary. So building density will happen, there must be a disorganized city, with streets arbitrary patterns, developmental delay is better than a city structure is planned according to the network model.
Digital Media City (City Digital Media) - Seoul
The block in the city standing too close shade each other - something to be desired only city in the tropics or subtropics. The urban design principles applied to the city with the hot and humid climate is quite different from the urban design principles in temperate climates. The effects of urban canyons, natural ventilation and trap heat in the city is completely different to the tropical region. While sunlight is favored in temperate cities and buildings were built back to sunlight can be projected to the street, they are welcome shade in the tropical climates . In tropical climates, we want to increase shade and cover between buildings, as long as we ensure natural ventilation and efficiency of space between buildings.
Models are often found in urban development leads to sparse density construction and large infrastructure costs will not bring about economic viability, due to the greater dispersion of the center leads to more independent rise of the automobile industry. The suburbs have low density can not maintain a public transport infrastructure. Density is the key - and no urban area is too small to be sealed architecture.
The city center needs a rich mix all types of land use and space in urban areas: office buildings, hotels, shops, encyclopedias, universities, residential buildings , shops, cinemas, squares, landscaped areas.
The project to renovate the building in Regent Park (Toronto, Canada)
The collection of neighborhoods or buildings together into the compressed area of about 4 or 5 stories high - similar to the "city block", "city block" in the 19th century, when we can still find them in Paris, Athens and Berlin - will bring significant benefits in terms of the environment, such as:
The outer shell of the smaller
Less expensive construction materials, thus lower construction costs
Share fireproof wall, thus reducing energy consumption
In just 10 years, 175,000 new jobs were created in the industry of renewable energy in Germany. Production of renewable energy does not mean reducing jobs and manufacturing. On the contrary, it means that other methods for the production business, the new industry with innovative products.
Clearly, there is need for education and research on sustainable urban scale. In the future, architects and urban planners will be left out of a job if they do not know how to devise solutions to environmental friendliness. They will be an expert on planning green, efficient energy use, not just the use of the equipment to achieve greater energy efficiency, but also to eliminate the need for heating, cooling and screening artificial light in the future. Architects and planners will have the choice of local materials can be recycled (rather than the type of material to be moved from place far) and find better ways to reuse and integrate existing buildings (rather than building new buildings).
QHXD QHXD (in ashui.com/)